Mathematical Definition
Input Domain
The function is usually evaluated for the range x ∈ [-20,20] and y ∈ [-20,20].
Global Minima
The global minima f(x*) =−24771.09375 are located at x*= (0, ±15)
Description and Features
The function is continuous.
The function is not convex.
The function is defined on 2-dimensional space.
The function is multimodal.
The function is differentiable.
The function is non-separable.
Python Implementation
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% Author: Rajpriya Tiwari
%matplotlib inline
import math
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
%matplotlib notebook
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (6,4)
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']=150
fig=plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_subplot(111,projection='3d')
def z_function(x,y):
return (10**5)*(x**2)+(y**2)-((x**2)+(y**2))**2+(10**(-5))*((x**2)+(y**2))**4
x= np.linspace(-20,20,100)
y= np.linspace(-20,20,100)
X,Y= np.meshgrid(x,y)
Z= z_function(X,Y)
ax.set_xlabel("(x-axis)")
ax.set_ylabel("(y-axis)")
ax.set_zlabel("(z-axis)")
ax.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,cmap='viridis')
def plotter(E,A):
ax.view_init(elev=E,azim=A)
ax.set_title("Deckkers-Aarts Function")
plt.show()
plt.contour(X,Y,Z)
#plotter(90,45)
from ipywidgets import interactive
iplot= interactive(plotter,E=(-90,90,5),
A=(-90,90,5))
iplotReferences:
[1] Jamil, Momin, and Xin-She Yang. "A literature survey of benchmark functions for global optimization problems." International Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Optimization 4.2 (2013): 150-194.